Reciprocating rasps for use in an orthopaedic surgical procedure

ABSTRACT

Reciprocating rasps for the surgical preparation of the bone prior to the implantation of a glenoid or acetabular component with complex geometry are disclosed. Surgical methods for the use of such reciprocating rasps are also disclosed.

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/291,455 which was filed onDec. 31, 2009, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated byreference.

CROSS REFERENCE

Cross reference is made to copending U.S. patent application Ser. No.______ entitled “Reciprocating Rasps for Use in an Orthopaedic SurgicalProcedure” (Attorney Docket No. 265280-214735, DEP6260USNP) which isassigned to the same assignee as the present application, filedconcurrently herewith, and hereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to an orthopaedic instrumentfor use in the performance of an orthopaedic joint replacementprocedure, and more particularly to a reciprocating rasp for use in theperformance of an orthopaedic joint replacement procedure.

BACKGROUND

During the lifetime of a patient, it may be necessary to perform a totalshoulder replacement procedure on the patient as a result of, forexample, disease or trauma. In a total shoulder replacement procedure, ahumeral component having a prosthetic head is used to replace thenatural head of the patient's humerus. The humeral component typicallyincludes an elongated stem that is implanted into the intramedullarycanal of the patient's humerus. In such a total shoulder replacementprocedure, the natural glenoid surface of the scapula is resurfaced orotherwise replaced with a glenoid component that provides a bearingsurface upon which the prosthetic head of the humeral componentarticulates.

As alluded to above, the need for a shoulder replacement procedure maybe created by the presence of any one of a number of conditions. Onesuch condition is the deterioration of the patient's scapula in the areaproximate to the glenoid surface as a result of, for example,glenohumeral arthritis. In such a condition, the erosion of thepatient's scapula is generally observed posteriorly on the glenoidsurface. Such erosion of the scapula renders treatment difficult, if notimpossible, with a conventional glenoid component. One way to treat sucha condition is by the use of a modified glenoid component, knowngenerally as an augmented glenoid component. An augmented glenoidcomponent has a posterior edge that is thicker than the correspondinganterior edge.

From time-to-time, revision surgery is performed to replace a glenoidcomponent. In such a revision surgery, the previously implanted glenoidcomponent is surgically removed and a replacement glenoid component isimplanted in the patient's glenoid. The subcondylar plate may be damagedor missing subsequent to revision surgery. Revision surgery may alsoresult in defects, some of which may be fairly large, in the cancellousbone of the glenoid vault of the scapula. Fixation of a revision glenoidcomponent can be difficult to achieve with the limited bone remaining onthe glenoid vault of the scapula after the revision surgery has beenperformed. Vault-filling revision glenoid components have been developedthat include a metal backing that extends into (i.e., “fills”) theglenoid vault to replace the lost bone. A bearing component, generallymade of polyethylene (e.g., UHMWPE) or other materials such as ceramicsor metals, is then fixed to the implanted metal backing to create thebearing surface upon which the proximal end (e.g., a prosthetic head) ofthe humeral component articulates.

Simple surgical instruments such as revolving spherical or circularreamers are generally used to prepare the glenoid surface during aglenoid surgical procedure. This is sufficient since traditional glenoidcomponents (i.e., non-augmented glenoid components or non-vault-fillingglenoid components) typically have a uniform backside geometry that iseither curved or flat, which makes glenoid preparation fairlystraightforward. However, the use of glenoid components with complexbackside geometries (e.g., augmented glenoid components or vault-fillingglenoid components) makes bone preparation more of a challenge. Asurgeon is forced to use a combination of reamers, saws, and burrs inthe performance of a free-hand technique that requires frequentinterruptions for intraoperative assessment to implant these complexcomponents.

A similar condition can occur in the acetabulum of a patient's hip.Namely, deterioration of the patient's hip bone in the area proximate tothe acetabulum can occur as a result of, for example, arthritis. Sucherosion of the hip bone renders treatment difficult, if not impossible,with a conventional acetabular component. One way to treat such acondition is by the use of an acetabular augment component that replacesthe diseased or damage bone tissue.

SUMMARY

According to one aspect, an augmented glenoid component includes abuttress on the posterior side of the component. The augmented glenoidcomponent also includes an anchor peg with fins and a number ofstabilizing pegs.

According to another aspect, a reciprocating rasp allows for thesurgical preparation of the bone necessary for the implantation of anaugmented glenoid component with such complex geometry. The use of therasp allows the posterior glenoid to be prepared with a singleinstrument and in one precise and efficient step.

In an illustrative embodiment, the reciprocating rasp includes a shaftthat has an end that fits into a reciprocating power tool. A cuttinghead located on the other end of the shaft has a geometry that matchesthat of the buttress of the augmented glenoid component. The cuttinghead of the rasp is covered in teeth. When the cutting head is advancedinto the bone tissue of the glenoid with reciprocating motion, the teethabrade the bone thereby gradually creating the shape required to acceptthe augmented glenoid component.

The reciprocating rasp also includes an alignment member for receiving aguide pin during an orthopaedic surgical procedure. In an illustrativeembodiment, the alignment member is embodied as a pair of guide ringssecured to the shaft of the rasp.

The rasp also includes a depth stop which bottoms out on the anteriorsurface of the glenoid when the cutting head has reached the desireddepth.

According to another aspect, a vault component includes a number ofinclined side walls which form a wedge-shaped body. The vault glenoidcomponent includes a cavity and a number of screw holes for receivingbone screws to secure the component to the bone tissue of the patient'sscapula.

According to another aspect, a reciprocating rasp allows for thesurgical preparation of the bone necessary for the implantation of avault glenoid component with such complex geometry. The use of the raspallows the glenoid vault to be prepared with a single instrument and inone precise and efficient step.

In an illustrative embodiment, the reciprocating rasp includes a shaftthat has an end that fits into a reciprocating power tool. Awedge-shaped cutting head located on the other end of the shaft has ageometry that matches that of the wedge-shaped vault glenoid component.The cutting head of the rasp is covered in teeth. When the cutting headis advanced into the bone tissue of the glenoid with the reciprocatingmotion, the teeth abrade the bone thereby gradually creating the wedgeshape required to accept the vault glenoid component.

The reciprocating rasp also includes an alignment feature for receivinga guide pin during an orthopaedic surgical procedure. In an illustrativeembodiment, the alignment member is embodied as an elongated alignmentbore formed in the shaft of the rasp. A number of viewing widows areformed in the shaft of the rasp to permit visualization of the guide pinwhen it is positioned in the alignment bore.

According to another aspect, a acetabular augment component includes acurved outer surface which forms a half-hemispherically-shaped body. Theacetabular augment component includes a cavity and a number of screwholes for receiving bone screws to secure the component to the bonetissue of the patient's hip bone.

According to another aspect, a reciprocating rasp allows for thesurgical preparation of the bone necessary for the implantation of anacetabular augment component with such complex geometry. The use of therasp allows the patient's acetabulum to be prepared precisely andefficiently.

In an illustrative embodiment, the reciprocating rasp includes aremovable shaft that has an end that fits into a reciprocating powertool. Alternatively, the shaft may be used as a manual tool. Ahalf-hemispherically-shaped cutting head may be coupled to the other endof the removable shaft. The cutting head has a geometry that matchesthat of the acetabular augment component. The cutting head of the raspis covered in teeth. When the cutting head is advanced into the bonetissue of the acetabulum with the reciprocating motion, the teeth abradethe bone thereby gradually creating the complex shape required to acceptthe acetabular augment component.

The reciprocating rasp also includes an alignment feature for aligningthe rasp to a trial instrument during an orthopaedic surgical procedure.In an illustrative embodiment, the alignment member is embodied as anelongated groove formed in the cutting head of the rasp which receivedan elongated tongue of the trial instrument.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The detailed description particularly refers to the following figures,in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an augmented glenoid component;

FIGS. 2 and 3 are side elevation views of the augmented glenoidcomponent of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a reciprocating rasp for use in anorthopaedic surgical procedure to implant the augmented glenoidcomponent of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an elevation view of the cutting head of the reciprocatingrasp of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a side elevation view of the reciprocating rasp of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a guide pin inserted in the glenoidof a patient during an orthopaedic surgical procedure to implant theaugmented glenoid component of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 7 showing the reciprocating rasp ofFIGS. 4-6 during rasping the patient's glenoid;

FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 8 showing the patient's glenoid afterit has been rasped with the reciprocating rasp of FIGS. 4-6;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a vault glenoid component;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the other side of the vault glenoidcomponent of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a reciprocating rasp for use in anorthopaedic surgical procedure to implant the vault glenoid component ofFIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is an elevation view of the cutting head of the reciprocatingrasp of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a side elevation view of the reciprocating rasp of FIG. 12with a portion thereof cutaway to show the rasp's alignment bore;

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a guide pin inserted in theglenoid of a patient during an orthopaedic surgical procedure to implantthe vault glenoid component of FIGS. 10 and 11;

FIG. 16 is a view similar to FIG. 15 showing the reciprocating rasp ofFIGS. 12-14 during rasping the patient's glenoid;

FIG. 17 is a view similar to FIG. 16 showing the patient's glenoid afterit has been rasped with the reciprocating rasp of FIGS. 12-14;

FIG. 18 is a plan view of an acetabular augment component;

FIG. 19 is a side elevation view of the acetabular augment component ofFIG. 18;

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the acetabular augment component ofFIG. 18;

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a cutting head of a reciprocating raspfor use in an orthopaedic surgical procedure to implant the acetabularaugment component of FIGS. 18-20;

FIG. 22 is cross sectional view of the cutting head of the reciprocatingrasp of FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 is a plan view of the cutting head of the reciprocating rasp ofFIG. 21;

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a trial instrument used in theperformance of a surgical procedure that utilizes the reciprocating raspof FIGS. 21-23;

FIG. 25 is a side elevation view of a removable shaft that may beselectively coupled to the cutting head of the reciprocating rasp ofFIGS. 21-23;

FIG. 26 is a cross sectional view of the removable shaft of FIG. 25;

FIGS. 27 and 28 are cross sectional views showing the removable shaftbeing coupled to the cutting head of the reciprocating rasp, note thepin of the removable shaft is not shown in cross section for clarity ofdescription;

FIG. 29 is a perspective view showing the acetabulum of a patient afterit has been reamed with a spherical reamer during an orthopaedicsurgical procedure to implant the acetabular augment component of FIGS.18-20;

FIG. 30 is a view similar to FIG. 29 showing the trial instrument ofFIG. 24 inserted into the patient's reamed acetabulum;

FIGS. 31 and 32 are views similar to FIG. 29 showing the reciprocatingrasp of FIGS. 21-23 during rasping of the patient's acetabulum;

FIG. 33 is a view similar to FIG. 29 showing the patient's acetabulumafter it has been rasped with the reciprocating rasp of FIGS. 21-23;

FIG. 34 is a view similar to FIG. 29 showing the acetabular augmentcomponent implanted in the patient's acetabulum;

FIG. 35 is a plan view of another reciprocating rasp for use in anorthopaedic surgical procedure to implant the acetabular augmentcomponent of FIGS. 18-20;

FIG. 36 is a side elevation view of the reciprocating rasp of FIG. 35;

FIG. 37 is a perspective view showing the acetabulum of a patient afterit has been reamed with a spherical reamer during an orthopaedicsurgical procedure to implant the acetabular augment component of FIGS.18-20, note a trial instrument has been inserted into the reamedacetabulum;

FIG. 38 is a view similar to FIG. 37 showing the reciprocating rasp ofFIGS. 35 and 36 during rasping or the patient's acetabulum;

FIG. 39 is a view similar to FIG. 35, but showing another couplingmechanism for coupling the rasp to a hand tool or power tool;

FIG. 40 is a view similar to FIG. 21, but showing another couplingmechanism for coupling the rasp to a hand tool or power tool;

FIG. 41 is a side elevation view of another embodiment of a hand tool;

FIG. 42 is a fragmentary perspective view of a female connector that maybe used as the chuck of a hand tool or power tool;

FIG. 43 is a fragmentary side elevation view of another female connectorthat may be used as the chuck of a hand tool or power tool;

FIG. 44 is a cross sectional view of the female connector of FIG. 43taken along the line 44-44 of FIG. 43, as viewed in the direction of thearrows;

FIG. 45 is a cross sectional view of the female connector of FIG. 43taken along the line 45-45 of FIG. 43, as viewed in the direction of thearrows;

FIG. 46 is a perspective view of a spacer block for use with thereciprocating rasp during rasping of the patient's acetabulum;

FIG. 47 is a rear elevation view of the spacer block of FIG. 46;

FIG. 48 is a front elevation view of the spacer block of FIG. 46;

FIG. 49 is a bottom elevation view of the spacer block of FIG. 46;

FIG. 50 is a view similar to FIG. 40, but showing the reciprocating rasphaving an elongated groove with a flared open end; and

FIGS. 51 and 52 are views similar to FIG. 29 showing the reciprocatingrasp during rasping of the patient's acetabulum with the use of thespacer block of FIGS. 46-49.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

While the concepts of the present disclosure are susceptible to variousmodifications and alternative forms, specific exemplary embodimentsthereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and willherein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, thatthere is no intent to limit the concepts of the present disclosure tothe particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is tocover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling withinthe spirit and scope of the invention.

Terms representing anatomical references, such as anterior, posterior,medial, lateral, superior, inferior, etcetera, may be used throughoutthis disclosure in reference to both the orthopaedic implants describedherein and a patient's natural anatomy. Such terms have well-understoodmeanings in both the study of anatomy and the field of orthopaedics. Useof such anatomical reference terms in the specification and claims isintended to be consistent with their well-understood meanings unlessnoted otherwise.

Referring now to FIGS. 1-3, there is shown an augmented glenoidcomponent 10. The augmented glenoid component 10 includes a body 22having a concave surface 26 on one end thereof. The concave surface 26of the body 22 provides a smooth bearing surface upon which a natural orprosthetic humeral head articulates. A buttress 24 extends away from theanterior medial surface 32 of the body 22 opposite the concave surface26. The posterior medial surface 28 of the buttress 24 is substantiallyflat in the anterior/posterior direction and rounded (i.e., convex) inthe superior/inferior direction. The anterior medial surface 32 isrounded (i.e., convex) in all directions, but may include flat portionsto fit the need of a given design. A side surface 30 extendsperpendicularly from the posterior medial surface 28 to the anteriormedial surface 32. Alternatively, the side surface 30 may be angledrelative to both surfaces 28, 32.

The augmented glenoid component 10 also includes an anchor peg 34. Theanchor peg 34 extends perpendicularly from the anterior medial surface32. The anchor peg 34 includes a tapered head 36 that functions as alead-in to facilitate insertion into a hole drilled or otherwise formedin the glenoid surface of the patient's scapula. The glenoid component10 also includes a plurality of stabilizing pegs 38. One of the pegs 38extends from the anterior medial surface 32, with another of the pegs 38extending from the posterior medial surface 28 of the buttress 24.Another of the three stabilizing pegs 38 extends from both the anteriormedial surface 32 and the buttress 24—i.e., it straddles the buttress 24and the anterior medial surface 32. Generally, the stabilizing pegs 38are shorter than the anchor peg 34. Moreover, some of the stabilizingpegs 38 (e.g., the one extending from the anterior medial surface 32)are shorter than the others, although other configurations may be used.The stabilizing pegs 38 are received into a number of correspondingholes drilled or otherwise formed in the glenoid surface of thepatient's scapula.

In the illustrative embodiment described herein, the augmented glenoidcomponent 10 is embodied as a monolithic molded component. That is, thebody 22, the anchor peg 34, and the stabilizing pegs 38 are integrallymolded using a polymer such as polyethylene. One example of a suitablepolyethylene is ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Inaddition to polymers, the augmented glenoid component 10 may be madefrom ceramic, metal, or a composite material. Examples of thesematerials include alumina, zirconia, and alumina/zirconia composite orcomposite material.

The anchor peg 34 includes a plurality of radial fins 40. The fins 40are deformable. This allows the anchor peg 34 to fit into an anchor boredrilled in the glenoid surface of the patient's scapula, but resistremoval or “pull out” of the anchor peg 34. Any number or size of radialfins 40 may be included on the anchor peg 34. In addition, although eachof the fins 40 is herein described with the same sized outer diameter,it should be appreciated that other configurations are also contemplatedfor use. For example, the fins 40 may be provided in a taperedconfiguration in which the respective outer diameters of the fins 40gradually increases from the distal end of the anchor peg 34 to theproximal end of the anchor peg 34 (i.e. the ring positioned on thedistal end of the anchor peg 34 has a smaller diameter relative to thering positioned near the proximal end of the anchor peg 34).

The fins 40 are configured to slightly deform when the anchor peg 34 isinserted into an anchor hole drilled in the patient's glenoid. This iscaused when the fins 40 are advanced into the anchor hole since it isdrilled to have a diameter which is slightly larger than the diameter ofa shaft of the anchor peg 34, yet smaller than the outer diameter of thefins 40 thereby causing deformation of the fins 40 upon contact with thesidewalls of the drilled hole as the fins 40 are “forced” into the hole.Such deformation of the fins 40 secures the augmented glenoid componentto the scapula by providing resistance to pull out of the anchor peg 34from the drilled anchor hole much in the same way that the threads of ascrew provide resistance to pull out of the screw from the material intowhich it is driven. In addition, over a period of time subsequent toimplantation of the augmented glenoid component 10 to the patient'sscapula, bone tissue or other types of tissue will grow into the spacesbetween the fins 40 thereby providing further resistance to pull out ofthe anchor peg 34 from the drilled hole.

The stabilizing pegs 38 prevent rotation or other types of movement ofthe augmented glenoid component 10 relative to the scapula once theglenoid component 10 has been implanted. The distal end of each of thestabilizing pegs 38 has a conical tip which functions as a “lead in” tofacilitate insertion of the stabilizing pegs 38 into respectivestabilizing holes drilled in the glenoid surface of the patient'sscapula.

The stabilizing pegs 38 may be arranged in any orientation on the body22 that fits the needs of a given design of an augmented glenoidcomponent. In addition, it should be appreciated that any number ofstabilizing pegs 38 may be utilized to fit the needs of a given designof an augmented glenoid component. Examples of such variations are shownin commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,699,289, the entirety of which ishereby incorporated by reference.

Referring now to FIGS. 4-6, there is shown a reciprocating rasp 50 thatmay be used for the surgical preparation of the patient's glenoid tofacilitate implantation of the complex geometry associated with theaugmented glenoid component 10. The rasp 50 includes a tapered shaft 52having a proximal end 54 that fits into the chuck of a reciprocatingpower tool 100 (see FIGS. 7 and 8). The reciprocating rasp 50 alsoincludes a cutting head 58 secured to the opposite, distal end 56 of theshaft 52. As will be discussed in greater detail below, the geometry ofthe cutting head 58 corresponds with the geometry of the buttress 24 ofthe augmented glenoid component 10. The cutting head 58 of thereciprocating rasp 50 includes a plurality of cutting teeth 60. When therasp 50 is advanced into engagement with the glenoid surface of thepatient's scapula with reciprocating motion, the cutting teeth 60 of thereciprocating rasp 50 abrade or otherwise cut the bone tissue of thescapula thereby gradually creating notch possessing the geometry (i.e.,the shape) required to accept the buttress 24 of the augmented glenoidcomponent 10.

The cutting head 58 includes a generally D-shaped (i.e., half-ellipticalshaped) lateral or backside surface 62. Opposite the lateral surface 62is a lead cutting surface 64. The lead cutting surface 64 of the cuttinghead 58 mimics the shape of the posterior medial surface 28 of thebuttress 24 of the augmented glenoid component 10. That is, the leadcutting surface 64 is substantially flat in the anterior/posteriordirection and rounded (i.e., convex) in the superior/inferior direction.The lead cutting surface 64 is defined by the outer surfaces of aplurality of the cutting teeth 60. A substantially flat, smooth anteriorsidewall 66 extends upwardly from the lateral surface 62 of the cuttinghead 58 to the lead cutting surface 64. As shown in FIG. 4, the anteriorsidewall 66 is devoid of cutting teeth. A curved sidewall 68 extendsupwardly from the lateral surface 62 of the cutting head 58 to the leadcutting surface 64. The curved posterior sidewall 68 extends from oneend of the anterior sidewall 66 to the other and defines the curvedposterior portion of the cutting head's generally D-shaped design. Likethe lead cutting surface 64, the posterior sidewall 68 is defined by theouter surfaces of a plurality of the cutting teeth 60.

The reciprocating rasp 50 also includes an alignment member that, aswill be discussed below in greater detail, aligns the rasp 50 to a guidepin. The alignment member may be embodied any of numerous differentstructures which are configured to coordinate with asurgically-implanted guide pin to position the cutting head 58 of therasp 50 in a desired location relative to the guide pin. Examples ofstructures that may function as the alignment member include one or moresleeves, rings, cannulated bosses, cylinders, guides, hooks, or anyother similar structure capable of receiving a guide pin.

In the illustrative embodiment described herein, the alignment member isembodied as a pair of rings 70, 72. As can be seen in FIG. 4, the ring70 is located proximate to the anterior sidewall 66 of the rasp'scutting head 58. In the illustrative embodiment described herein, thering 70 is formed in the anterior sidewall 66, although it may beembodied as a separate component welded or otherwise secured to the rasp50. The anterior sidewall 66 also includes a curved channel 74 formedtherein. The curved channel 74 provides clearance for the guide pin asit enters the ring 70.

The ring 72 is located on the rasp's tapered shaft 52 at a locationbetween its proximal end 54 and its distal end 56. Like the ring 70, thering 72 may be integrally formed with the rasp's tapered shaft 52 or maybe embodied as a separate component welded or otherwise secured to theshaft 52. Each of the rings 70, 72 is sized and shaped to allow for thefree, reciprocating motion of the rasp 50, while retaining the rasp 50on the guide pin to maintain the desired orientation of the rasp 50. Asshown in FIG. 4, the center points of the rings 70, 72 lie along asingle line 76 that is parallel to, and spaced apart from, thelongitudinal axis 78 of the rasp's tapered shaft 52. As such, the guideaxis 76 is offset from the shaft axis 78. The size of the offset mayvary and is related not only to the size/shape of the rasp, but also inpart, to the surgical instrumentation and method for placement of theguiding pin.

The reciprocating rasp 50 also includes a depth stop 80 secured to therasp's cutting head 58. As will be described below in greater detail,the depth stop 80 bottoms out on the reamed anterior surface of thepatient's glenoid to ensure the posterior glenoid surface is prepared tothe desired depth relative to the anterior glenoid surface. In otherwords, the depth stop 80 creates a spatial relationship (i.e., a depth)between the surgically-prepared anterior and posterior glenoid surfaceswhich matches the distance between the posterior medial surface 28 ofthe glenoid component's buttress 24 and its anterior medial surface 32.Such a distance is defined by the height of the side surface 30 thatextends perpendicularly from the posterior medial surface 28 of thebuttress to the anterior medial surface 32 of the augmented glenoidcomponent 10.

Like the alignment member described above, the depth stop 80 may beembodied as a number of different structures. For example, the depthstop 80 may be embodied as one or more tabs, bars, flanges, othersimilar structures configured to bottom out on the anterior surface ofthe patient's glenoid to prevent further penetration of the cutting head58 into the posterior surface of the patient's glenoid. In the exemplaryembodiment described herein, the depth stop 80 is embodied as agenerally D-shaped bar that has its ends secured to the anteriorsidewall 66 of the rasp's cutting head 58. Such a configuration createsa window 82 through which the surgeon can visualize the patient'sglenoid surface without the surgeon's line of sight being obstructed bythe depth stop 80.

Referring now to FIGS. 7-9, there is shown a surgical procedure in whichthe reciprocating rasp 50 is used to surgically prepare the patient'sglenoid 84 for implantation of the augmented glenoid component 10. Thesurgical procedure begins with preoperative planning in which, amongstother things, a thin cut (1 mm) axial CT scan with the gantry positionedperpendicular to the plane of the glenoid and plane of the scapula isobtained. A single axial slice just below the mid-equator of the glenoidis obtained for measurement of glenoid version. Correction ofretroversion may then be individualized to the patient. With thepreoperative planning complete, the patient's soft tissue is dissectedand retracted in order to allow access to the glenoid. Full (i.e., 360°)exposure of the bony glenoid is typically achieved.

As shown in FIG. 7, a guide pin 86 is then inserted in the center of theglenoid 84 in an orientation that will allow for the desired amount ofretroversion correction. This can be accomplished using one of a numberof different pin placement devices. The guide pin 86 may be scored inlocations along its length to allow for controlled breakage to adjustthe length of the pin 86 subsequent to being inserted. Specifically, atany point in the procedure, the guide pin 86 can be shortened to a moredesirable length by placing a handle just above a score mark and aneedle driver just below the same score mark and bending the pin 86 atthe score mark. In the illustrative procedure described herein, two tothree inches of the pin 86 protrude laterally from the glenoid.

A sizer pin guide (not shown) may then be placed over the guide pin 86.The sizer pin guide is used determine the optimal size augmented glenoidcomponent for the patient's glenoid. Typically, a desired size of anaugmented glenoid component covers as much of the glenoid surface aspossible without overhanging the periphery of the bone surface.

The anterior surface 88 of the patient's glenoid 84 is then reamed in atypical manner. In particular, a spherical reamer (not shown) is usedover the guide pin 86 to ream the anterior surface 88 of the glenoid andcreate an even, concave surface from the superior edge of the glenoid 84(i.e., 12 o'clock) to the inferior edge of the glenoid 84 (i.e., 6o'clock). This reamed surface 90 is the final surgically-preparedsurface that contacts the anterior medial surface 32 of the augmentedglenoid component 10 when it is implanted. It should be appreciated thatif the spherical reamer used is smaller than the superior/inferiordimension of the augmented glenoid component 10, a small amount of boneon the superior and/or inferior aspects of the anterior glenoid willremain. This remaining bone may be removed with a peripheral reamer (notshown). A hand burr (not shown) may be alternatively used to remove theremaining bone. The reamed surface 90 of the patient's anterior glenoid84 is shown in FIG. 7.

A depth gauge (not shown) may then be placed over the guide pin 86. Thecontact and conformity between the back surface of the depth gauge andthe prepared anterior glenoid surface 90 is the determined. Furtherpreparation of the bone may then be performed if the contact andconformity is not to the surgeon's satisfaction. The maximum depth ofthe posterior glenoid defect is measured by inserting a depth probe (notshown) through the depth gauge. In one illustrative instrument, threeholes in the posterior half of the depth gauge are provided so thatthree different locations and their respective depths can be evaluated.In most cases the greatest depth of the defect is on the posterior,inferior quadrant of the glenoid. Such an evaluation allows for implantselection (i.e., selection of a particularly sized augmented glenoidcomponent 10). For example, if the maximum depth is 3 mm or less, anaugmented glenoid component 10 with a 3 mm augment (i.e., a 3 mm thickbuttress 24) is needed. If the depth measured is between 3 mm and 5 mm,an augmented glenoid component 10 with a 5 mm augment is needed. If thedepth measured is between 5 mm and 7 mm, an augmented glenoid component10 with a 7 mm augment is needed. In the illustrative proceduredescribed herein, if the depth measured is more than 7 mm, additionalbone may need to be removed from the anterior surface 88 of thepatient's glenoid 84. In this illustrative case, the amount ofadditional bone to be removed is equal to the maximum defect minus 7 mm.

The appropriate size posterior preparation guide (not shown) is thenplaced over the guide pin 86 so that it firmly and concentricallycontacts the prepared anterior glenoid surface 90. The posterior windowin the guide defines the boundaries of the posterior surface 94 of theglenoid 84 to be prepared to accept the buttress 24 of the augmentedglenoid component 10, and it can be used as a template for marking theseboundaries with either a sterile pen or a bovie.

Once the boundaries of the buttress 24 have been marked, the posteriorglenoid is surgically prepared. At the outset, a saw blade or othersurgical tool may be used to create a channel 92 in the midline of thepatient's glenoid 84 in the superior/inferior direction. The channel 92is created parallel to the cutting surface of the guide. The depth ofthe channel 92 is guided by the etch marks on the saw blade. Forexample, for a 3 mm augment, the saw blade should be advanced until the3 mm etch mark is at the same level as the lateral surface of theposterior preparation guide. This creates a wall of bone in the centerof the glenoid 84 that serves as the perpendicular step between theanterior and posterior halves of the medial surface of the augmentedglenoid component 10—i.e., a surgically prepared surface thatcorresponds with the side surface 30 of the augmented glenoid component10. The channel 92 is shown in FIG. 7. A hand burr (not shown) may thenbe used to remove any hard, subchondral bone on the posterior surface 94of the glenoid 84.

A reciprocating rasp 50 sized to match the buttress 24 of the selectedaugmented glenoid component 10 is then obtained from a number ofdifferently-sized rasps 50 and used to complete the posteriorpreparation. The proximal end 54 of the tapered shaft 52 of the selectedreciprocating rasp 50 is then secured within the chuck of thereciprocating power tool 100. Once chucked, the rasp is advanced overthe guide pin 86. In particular, the guide pin 86 is first advancedthrough the guide ring 70 located proximate to the rasp's cutting head58 and thereafter the guide ring 72 located proximate to the mid-portionof the rasp's tapered shaft 52. Advancing the guide pin 86 through therings 70, 72 aligns the rasp's cutting head 58 with the markedboundaries of the posterior surface 94 of the glenoid 84 (i.e., theportion of the posterior surface 94 of the glenoid 84 that is to besurgically prepared to accept the buttress 24 of the augmented glenoidcomponent 10). Centering the guide pin 86 within the rings 70, 72 alsocontrols (i.e., guides) the trajectory of the reciprocating rasp 50.

As shown in FIG. 8, once the reciprocating rasp 50 is inserted over theguide pin 86, the surgeon activates the reciprocating power tool 100 andadvances the lead cutting surface 64 of the cutting head 58 into contactwith posterior surface 94 of the glenoid 84. As the rasp 50 is advancedinwardly toward the patient's glenoid 84, the reciprocating motion ofthe rasp 50 abrades the bone and continues to remove bone until theleading surface 96 of the depth stop 80 (see FIGS. 4-6) bottoms out onthe reamed anterior surface 90 of the patient's glenoid 84. This ensuresthe rasped posterior glenoid surface 98 is prepared to the desired depthrelative to the reamed anterior glenoid surface 90. When the depth stop80 of the rasp 50 contacts the reamed anterior surface 90 of the glenoid84 in such a manner, the posterior preparation of the glenoid 84 iscomplete—i.e., the rasped posterior glenoid surface 98 has beencompleted. The reciprocating rasp 50 is then removed from the guide pin86.

It should be appreciated that in lieu of completing the rasped posteriorglenoid surface 98 with a single rasp 50, a number of differently-sizedrasps 50 may be used. In particular, a number of progressivelylarger-sized rasps 50 may be used to produce the desired final size. Forexample, initial rasping may be performed with a rasp 50 having arelatively small cutting head 58. Thereafter, one or more additionalrasps 50 having progressively larger cutting heads 58 may be used toperform subsequent rasping to form a larger cavity of the desired finalsize.

A bone preparation assessor (not shown), which is sized to mimic themedial surfaces of the selected augmented glenoid component 10, isplaced over the guide pin 86 and used to determine whether the anteriorreaming and posterior rasping of the bony surfaces was sufficient toaccommodate the selected augmented glenoid component 10. The bonepreparation assessor generally makes full and concentric contact withthe prepared glenoid surfaces. If high spots on the bone are preventingthe bone preparation assessor from seating completely, an impactor,tamp, or other instrument may be inserted over the guide pin 86 and usedto make the prepared glenoid surfaces more conforming. The fit of thebone preparation assessor may then be assessed again.

A cannulated center drill (not shown) of the appropriate length based onthe step height of the buttress 24 of the selected augmented glenoidcomponent 10 is inserted over the guide pin 86. The drill is then usedto prepare (i.e., drill) the glenoid 84 to accept the anchor peg 34 ofthe augmented glenoid component 10. The drill is advanced until itbottoms out on the reamed anterior surface 90 of the glenoid 84. Oncethe center hole for the anchor peg 34 has been drilled, a pin puller orother instrument (not shown) is used to grasp and remove the guide pin86.

A peripheral drill guide (not shown) specific to the selected augmentedglenoid component 10 is inserted into the drilled center hole. The holesfor the stabilizing pegs 38 are then drilled with the assistance of thedrill guide.

An implant trial (not shown) is placed into the prepared glenoid, andits fit is assessed. Full and concentric contact between the medial sideof the trial and the prepared surfaces of the bone is generally desired.If this is not the case, some or all of the prior bone preparation stepsmay be repeated. If the fit is adequate, the trial is removed.

Finely morselized bone retrieved during the glenoid preparation is usedto create a “bone paste.” This bone paste is interposed between the fins40 of the anchor peg 34 of the augmented glenoid component 10 tofacilitate tissue integration. Bone cement, such as PMMA-based bonecement, is placed in the peripheral holes (i.e., the holes for thestabilizing pegs 38) of the prepared glenoid 84 and pressurized using afingertip. The augmented glenoid component 10 is then inserted, and aglenoid impactor (not shown) is used to seat the component 10 untilthere is complete contact with the perimeter of the glenoid 84. Pressureon the implanted component 10 is maintained until the cement hashardened.

Referring now to FIGS. 10 and 11, there is shown a vault-filling (orsimply, “vault”) glenoid component 110. The vault glenoid component 110includes a generally wedge-shaped metal body 112 having a substantiallyplanar lateral surface 114. The body 112 has an anterior surface 116 anda posterior surface 118 that extend medially away from the lateralsurface 114. The anterior surface 116 and the posterior surface 118 mateat a rounded medial surface 120. A superior surface 122 and an inferiorsurface 124 also extend medially away from the lateral surface 114 andmate at the rounded or pointed medial surface 120.

The body 112 of the vault glenoid component 110 has a cavity 126 formedtherein. As will be discussed below in more detail, either a concavepolymer bearing or a convex metal or ceramic head may be secured to thevault glenoid component 110 once it is implanted in a patient's glenoid.Both of such components (i.e., the bearing and the metal head) include alocking feature that is positioned and locked in the cavity 126.

As can be seen in FIG. 11, an angled screw hole 128 is formed in theinferior surface 124 of the vault glenoid component 110. The screw hole128 opens into the cavity 126. Another screw hole 130 is formed in therounded medial surface 120 and likewise opens into the cavity 126. Aswill be discussed below in greater detail, the tips of bone screws areinserted through the cavity 126, into the screw holes 128, 130, andthereafter driven into bone tissue to secure the vault glenoid component110 to the patient's scapula.

The vault glenoid component 110 is made of an implant grade metal suchas stainless steel, cobalt chrome, or titanium, although other metals oralloys may be used. Moreover, the bone contacting surfaces of the vaultglenoid component have a porous material 132 disposed thereon.Specifically, the anterior surface 116, posterior surface 118, medialsurface 120, superior surface 122, and inferior surface 124 are coatedwith the porous material 132, with the lateral surface 114 being devoidof such porous material. The porous material 132 is of the type commonlyused in various orthopedic components to enhance bone tissue ingrowthinto the component.

Referring now to FIGS. 12-14, there is shown a reciprocating rasp 150that may be used for the surgical preparation of the patient's glenoidto facilitate implantation of the complex geometry associated with thevault glenoid component 110. The rasp 150 includes a tapered shaft 152having a proximal end 154 that, like the rasp 50 described above, fitsinto the chuck of the reciprocating power tool 100 (see FIGS. 15 and16). The reciprocating rasp 150 also includes a wedge-shaped cuttinghead 158 secured to the opposite, distal end 156 of the shaft 152. Aswill be discussed in greater detail below, the geometry of the cuttinghead 158 corresponds with the wedge-shaped geometry of the vault glenoidcomponent 110. The cutting head 158 of the reciprocating rasp 150includes a plurality of cutting teeth 160 that are similar in geometryto the cutting teeth 60 of the reciprocating rasp 50 described above.When the rasp 150 is advanced into engagement with the glenoid vault ofthe patient's scapula with reciprocating motion, the cutting teeth 160of the reciprocating rasp 150 abrade or otherwise cut the bone tissue ofthe scapula thereby gradually creating a cavity possessing the geometry(i.e., the shape) required to accept wedge-shaped vault glenoidcomponent 110.

The cutting head 158 includes a lateral surface 162 which closely mimicsthe size and shape of the lateral surface 114 of the vault glenoidcomponent 110. The cutting head 158 also includes an anterior cuttingsurface 164 which mimics the size and shape of the anterior surface 116of the vault glenoid component 110, and a posterior cutting surface 166which mimics the size and shape of the posterior surface 118 of thevault glenoid component 110. The cutting surfaces 164, 166 extend awayfrom the cutting head's lateral surface 162 and mate at a rounded leadcutting surface 168 that mimics the size and shape of the rounded medialsurface 120 of the vault glenoid component 110. A superior cuttingsurface 170 and an inferior cutting surface 172 also extend mediallyaway from the cutting head's lateral surface 162 and mate at the leadcutting surface 168. The superior cutting surface 170 and the inferiorcutting surface 172 mimic the size and shape of the superior surface 122and the inferior surface 124 of the vault glenoid component 110,respectively. The cutting surfaces 164, 166, 168, 170, and 172 aredefined by the outer surfaces of their cutting teeth 160.

Like the reciprocating rasp 50 described above in regard to FIGS. 1-9,the reciprocating rasp 150 also includes an alignment member or featurethat, as will be discussed below in greater detail, aligns the rasp 150to a guide pin 186 during a surgical procedure. The alignment member orfeature may be embodied as any of numerous different structures oropenings which are configured to coordinate with a surgically-insertedguide pin 186 to position the cutting head 158 of the rasp 150 in adesired location relative to the guide pin 186. Examples of structuresthat may function as the alignment member include one or more sleeves,rings, cannulated bosses, cylinders, guides, hooks, or any other similarstructure capable of receiving a guide pin.

In the illustrative embodiment described herein, the alignment member orfeature is embodied as an elongated bore 174 that extends through thecutting head 158 and into the shaft 152 (see FIG. 14). As can be seen inFIGS. 13 and 14, one end 176 of the alignment bore 174 is defined in(i.e., opens through) the lead cutting surface 168 of the cutting head158. Specifically, the lead cutting surface 168 of the cutting head 158has a generally V-shaped notch 178 formed therein. The end 176 of thealignment bore 174 opens into the notch 178. The notch 178 providesclearance for the guide pin and functions as a lead-in for the guide pinduring pin insertion.

The opposite end 180 of the alignment bore 174 is located in the rasp'stapered shaft 152 at a location between its proximal end 154 and itsdistal end 156. The end 180 is located approximately in the middle ofthe shaft 152 near where the shaft tapers down to its smaller diameterproximal end 154. As shown in FIG. 14, the center line of the alignmentbore 174 and the longitudinal axis of the reciprocating rasp 150 lie onthe same line.

The portion of the tapered shaft 152 containing the alignment bore 174has a number of slotted openings or “viewing windows” 182 definedtherein. The viewing windows 182 allow the surgeon to visualize theguide pin as it is received in the alignment bore 174. In doing so, thesurgeon can ensure that the guide pin does not bottom out against thecurved sidewall that forms the interior end 180 of the alignment bore174.

Similarly to the reciprocating rasp 50 described above, the vaultreciprocating rasp 150 may be embodied with a depth stop (not shown). Ina similar manner to as described above, such a depth stop bottoms out onthe surface of the patient's glenoid to ensure the patient's glenoidsurface is prepared to the desired depth. The depth stop of the vaultreciprocating rasp 150 may be embodied as a number of differentstructures. For example, the depth stop may be embodied as one or moretabs, bars, flanges, other similar structures configured to bottom outon the surface of the patient's glenoid to prevent further penetrationof the cutting head 158. In an exemplary embodiment, the depth stop mayembodied as a generally D-shaped bar (similar to the depth stop 80 ofthe rasp 50) that has its ends secured to the rasp's cutting head 158.Such a configuration creates a window through which the surgeon canvisualize the patient's glenoid surface without the surgeon's line ofsight being obstructed by the depth stop.

Referring now to FIGS. 15-17, there is shown a surgical procedure inwhich the reciprocating rasp 150 is used to surgically prepare thepatient's glenoid 184 for implantation of the vault glenoid component110. The surgical procedure begins with preoperative planning in which,amongst other things, a CT scan is obtained to plan the placementlocation and orientation of the vault glenoid component 110. If thevault glenoid component 110 is being implanted as part of a revisionprocedure, the CT scan may be omitted or substituted for anotherexamination technique. With the preoperative planning complete, thepatient's soft tissue is dissected and retracted in order to allowaccess to the glenoid. Full (i.e., 360°) exposure of the bony glenoid istypically achieved.

As shown in FIG. 15, a guide pin 186 is then inserted in the glenoid 184in an orientation that will allow for proper placement of the center ofthe vault glenoid component 110. This can be accomplished using one of anumber of different pin placement devices. The guide pin 186 may bescored in locations along its length to allow for controlled breakage toadjust the length of the pin 186 subsequent to being inserted.Specifically, at any point in the procedure, the guide pin 186 can beshortened to a more desirable length by placing a handle just above ascore mark and a needle driver just below the same score mark andbending the pin 186 at the score mark. In the illustrative proceduredescribed herein, two to three inches of the pin 186 protrude laterallyfrom the glenoid.

A vault sizer pin guide (not shown) may then be placed over the guidepin 186 and used determine the optimal size vault glenoid component 110for the patient's glenoid. The periphery of the vault sizer pin guidedefines the boundaries of the glenoid 184 to be prepared to accept thevault glenoid component 110. As such, it can be used as a template formarking these boundaries with either a sterile pen or a bovie. The vaultsizer also has formed therein a slot that extends in thesuperior/inferior direction along the center of the sizer. A pen orbovie may be used to mark the bone using the slot as a template. As willbe discussed below, a starter channel will be formed in the bone alongthe mark created with the slot.

Once the boundaries of the vault glenoid implant 110 and the starterchannel location have been marked, the glenoid 184 is surgicallyprepared. At the outset, a surgical burr or other surgical tool is usedto create a channel 192 in the patient's glenoid 184 that extends in thesuperior/inferior direction and corresponds generally to the width ofthe lead cutting surface 168 of the cutting head 158 (see FIG. 15). Thechannel 192 is devoid of the hard subchondral bone on the glenoid 184and thereby facilitates advancement of the reciprocating rasp 150.

A reciprocating rasp 150 sized to match the selected vault glenoidcomponent 110 is then obtained from a number of differently-sized rasps150 and used to complete the glenoid preparation. The proximal end 154of the tapered shaft 152 of the selected reciprocating rasp 150 is thensecured within the chuck of the reciprocating power tool 100. Oncechucked, the rasp is advanced over the guide pin 186. In particular, theV-shaped notch 178 formed in the rasp's cutting head 158 is advancedover the end of the guide pin 186 so that the guide pin 186 enters thealignment bore 174 where it can be visualized by the surgeon through theviewing windows 182. Advancing the alignment bore 174 over the guide pin186 aligns the rasp's cutting head 158 with the marked boundaries of theglenoid 184 (i.e., the portion of the glenoid 184 that is to besurgically prepared to accept the vault glenoid component 110).Advancing alignment bore 174 over the guide pin 186 also guides thereciprocating trajectory of the reciprocating rasp 150.

As shown in FIG. 16, once the reciprocating rasp 150 is inserted overthe guide pin 186, the surgeon activates the reciprocating power tool100 and advances the lead cutting surface 168 of the cutting head 158into contact with the glenoid 184. As the rasp 150 is advanced inwardlytoward the patient's glenoid 184, the reciprocating motion of the rasp150 abrades the bone and continues to remove bone until the lateralsurface 162 of the cutting head 158 is substantially flush with the boneof the glenoid 184 remaining outside the marked boundaries (i.e., thebone of the glenoid that is not intended to be removed by the rasp 150).When the lateral surface 162 of the cutting head 158 is flush with theremaining bone in such a manner, the rasping preparation of the glenoid184 is complete—i.e., the rasped glenoid surface 196 has been completed(see FIG. 17). The reciprocating rasp 150 is then removed from the guidepin 186.

It should be appreciated that in lieu of completing the rasped glenoidsurface 196 with a single rasp 150, a number of differently-sized rasps150 may be used. In particular, a number of progressively larger-sizedrasps 150 may be used to produce the desired final size. For example,initial rasping may be performed with a rasp 150 having a relativelysmall cutting head 158. Thereafter, one or more additional rasps 150having progressively larger cutting heads 158 may be used to performsubsequent rasping to form a larger cavity of the desired final size.

A bone tamp (not shown) which is sized to mimic the geometry of theselected vault glenoid component 110, is placed over the guide pin 186and used to compact bone graft into any cavities that remain in the wallof the glenoid vault. Because of its geometry, the bone tamp alsofunctions as a trial vault component. The bone tamp is then removed fromthe guide pin 186. Thereafter, a pin puller or other instrument (notshown) is used to grasp and remove the guide pin 186.

The vault glenoid component 110 is then inserted into the rasped glenoidsurface 196. A glenoid impactor (not shown) is used to seat thecomponent 110 until there is complete contact with the perimeter of therasped glenoid surface 196.

A drill guide (not shown) is then inserted into the cavity 126 of theimplanted vault glenoid component 110. The drill guide is configured toguide the drilling direction with respect to the screw hole 128 formedin the inferior surface 124 of the vault glenoid component 110 and thescrew hole 130 formed in the rounded medial surface 120. Once positionedin the cavity 126 of the implanted vault glenoid component 110, thesurgeon uses the drill guide to drill pilot holes for both of the twoscrews to be inserted in the vault glenoid component 110. The drillguide is removed, and a screwdriver is used to insert and seat a bonescrew in each of the screw holes 128, 130 thereby securing the vaultglenoid component 110 to the bone tissue of the patient's scapula.

A peripheral reamer (not shown) is then used to remove any peripheralbone. This provides clearance for a bearing or prosthetic head to beinstalled in the implanted vault component 110. Thereafter, either ananatomic trial bearing (not shown) or a metaglene/glenosphere trialcombination (not shown) can be inserted into the cavity 126 of theimplanted vault glenoid component 110 for trialing purposes. Once adesired fit is achieved, the trial components are removed and acorresponding sized implant bearing or prosthetic head is locked to theimplanted vault glenoid component 110.

Referring now to FIGS. 18-20, there is shown an acetabular augmentcomponent 210. The acetabular augment component 210 may be implantedinto the acetabulum of a patient's hip to replace diseased ordegenerated bone tissue to facilitate the implantation of an acetabularcup. As will be discussed in detail below, a number of reciprocatingrasps may be used during surgical preparation of the bone tissue toreceived the acetabular augment component 210.

The acetabular augment component 210 includes a curved metal body 212having a substantially planar lateral surface 214. The body 212 hascurved medial surface 220 that extends from one end of the lateralsurface 214 to the other. The body 212 generally forms the shape of ahalf hemisphere—i.e., it is approximately half the shape of ahemispherically-shaped acetabular cup. The body 212 of the acetabularcomponent 210 has a cavity 226 formed therein. As will be discussedbelow in more detail, a prosthetic acetabular cup is secured to theacetabular augment component 210 within the cavity 226 once it isimplanted in a patient's acetabulum.

A pair of screw holes 228 is formed in the lateral surface 214 of theacetabular augment component 210. The screw holes 228 open into thecurved medial surface 220. Another pair of screw holes 230 are likewiseformed in the curved medial surface 220 and open into the cavity 226. Aswill be discussed below in greater detail, bone screws are insertedthrough the screw holes 228, 230, and thereafter driven into bone tissueto secure the acetabular augment component 210 to the patient's hipbone.

The acetabular augment component 210 is made of an implant grade metalsuch as stainless steel, cobalt chrome, or titanium, although othermetals or alloys may be used. In the illustrative embodiment describedherein, the acetabular augment component 210 is embodied as a porousmetallic structure. As such, the outer surfaces of the acetabularaugment component 210 are porous (i.e., the outer surfaces include aplurality of pores 232), although, in some embodiments, the lateralsurface 214 may be smooth. Such porous outer surfaces enhance tissueingrowth and facilitate the attachment of an acetabular cup to theacetabular augment component 210. In other embodiments, the acetabularaugment component 210 may be embodied as a solid metal structure withits outer surfaces having a porous material disposed thereon. Such aporous material may be of the type commonly used in various orthopediccomponents to enhance bone tissue ingrowth into the component.

Referring now to FIGS. 21-23, there is shown a reciprocating rasp 250that may be used for the surgical preparation of the patient'sacetabulum to facilitate implantation of the complex geometry associatedwith the acetabular augment component 210. The reciprocating rasp 250includes a cutting head 258 that is coupled to the distal end 256 of aremovable shaft 252 (see FIGS. 25 and 26). The shaft 252 may be used asa hand tool, or, alternatively, may have its proximal end 254 secured tothe chuck of the reciprocating power tool 100. As will be discussed ingreater detail below, the geometry of the cutting head 258 correspondswith the geometry of the acetabular augment component 210. The cuttinghead 258 of the reciprocating rasp 250 includes a plurality of cuttingteeth 260 that are similar in geometry to the cutting teeth 60, 160 ofthe respective reciprocating rasps 50, 150 described above. When therasp 250 is advanced into engagement with the acetabulum of thepatient's hip bone with reciprocating motion, the cutting teeth 260 ofthe reciprocating rasp 250 abrade or otherwise cut the bone tissue ofthe hip bone thereby gradually creating a cavity possessing the geometry(i.e., the shape) required to accept the acetabular augment component210.

Like the acetabular augment component 210, the cutting head 258generally forms the shape of a half hemisphere—i.e., it is approximatelyhalf the shape of a hemispherically-shaped acetabular cup. The cuttinghead 258 includes a lateral surface 262 having a posterior surface 266extending medially therefrom. A curved medial cutting surface 268 thatmimics the geometry of the curved medial surface 220 of the acetabularaugment component 210 mates with both the lateral surface 262 of thecutting head 258 and its posterior surface 266. The curved medialcutting surface 268 is defined by the outer surfaces of their cuttingteeth 260.

The cutting head 258 has a coupling bore 264 defined therein. As can beseen from the cross section of FIG. 22, the coupling bore 264 extendsinto the body of the cutting head 258 from its lateral surface 262. Anannular channel 270 is defined in the cutting head 258 at a locationbetween the lateral surface 262 and the bottom of the coupling bore 264and hence forms a mid-portion of the coupling bore 264. As will bediscussed below, the geometry of the distal end 256 of the removableshaft 252 engages the sidewalls of the annular channel 266 to couple theremovable shaft 252 to the cutting head 258.

Like the reciprocating rasps 50, 150 described above in regard to FIGS.1-17, the reciprocating rasp 250 also includes an alignment member orfeature that, as will be discussed below in greater detail, aligns therasp 250 during a surgical procedure. However, unlike the reciprocatingrasps 50, 150 described above in regard to FIGS. 1-17, the reciprocatingrasp 250 does not align with a guide pin, but rather a portion of asurgical trial instrument 276 (see FIG. 24). The alignment member orfeature may be embodied as any of numerous different structures orfeatures which are configured to coordinate with trial instrument 276 toposition the cutting head 258 of the rasp 250 in a desired locationrelative to the trial instrument. Examples of structures that mayfunction as the alignment member include one or more grooves, tracks,sleeves, rings, cannulated bosses, cylinders, guides, hooks, or anyother similar structure capable of receiving a complimentary structureor feature formed on the trial instrument.

In the illustrative embodiment described herein, the alignment member orfeature is embodied as an elongated groove 274 that is formed in theposterior surface 266 of the cutting head 258. As can be seen in FIG.24, the trial instrument 276 includes an elongated tongue 278 formed inits anterior surface 280. During rasping of the patient's acetabulum,the tongue 278 is positioned in the groove 274 of the rasp 250 therebyestablishing and maintaining the alignment of the rasp. Unliketraditional hemispherically-shaped trial acetabular instruments, thetrial instrument 276 includes a body having the shape of a partialhemisphere. In other words, it approximates the shape of a bluntedhemispherically-shaped trial. As such, its anterior surface 280 isplanar with the tongue 278 extending therefrom. A curved outer surface282 mates with the anterior surface 280. The curvature of the outersurface 282 is hemispherical—i.e., the outer surface defines a truehemisphere that has been intersected by a plane (the plane being theanterior surface 280).

Referring now to FIGS. 25 and 26, the removable shaft 252 is shown ingreater detail. The shaft 252 has a handle 284 that is gripped by asurgeon during manipulation of the rasp 250. A release lever 286 ispositioned near the handle 284 and is used by the surgeon to selectivelycouple one of the cutting heads 258 to the shaft 252. In particular, therelease lever 286 is mechanically coupled to an elongated pin 288 thatextends through a bore 290 defined in the shaft. The pin 288 has atapered distal end 292 that engages the distal end 256 of the shaft 252.The distal end 256 of the shaft 252 is defined by a pair of opposingjaws 294. The inner surfaces 296 of the jaws 294 are tapered at an anglethat corresponds with the geometry of the tapered distal end 292 of thepin 288. As such, when fully extended, the tapered distal end 292engages the tapered inner surfaces 296 of the jaws 294 thereby urgingthe jaws 294 outwardly away from one another. However, when the releaselever 286 is depressed, the pin 288 is retracted (i.e., its distal end292 is moved in the direction away from the distal end 256 of the shaft252), thereby allowing the jaws 294 to be deflected or otherwise movedinwardly toward one another. In particular, when the pin 288 isretracted, its tapered distal end 292 disengages the tapered innersurfaces 296 of the jaws 294 thereby allowing the jaws 294 to deflectinwardly toward the center of the shaft.

As shown in FIG. 27, with the release lever 286 depressed, the shaft 252may be advanced into the coupling bore 264 of the cutting head 258 ofthe rasp 250. Because the pin 288 is retracted, the jaws 294 of thedistal end 256 of the shaft 252 are permitted to deflect toward oneanother and hence enter the coupling bore 264. Once a depth stop 298formed on the distal end 256 of the shaft 252 contacts the lateralsurface 262 of the cutting head 258, the surgeon releases the releaselever 286.

When the release lever 286 is released, the pin 288 is extended therebycausing its tapered distal end 292 to engage the tapered inner surfaces296 of the jaws 294. This urges the jaws 294 outwardly away from oneanother thereby causing an annular ring 302 formed on the outer surfaceof the jaws 294 to be received into the annular channel 270 of thecutting head's coupling bore 264. When positioned in its fully extendedposition, the tapered distal end 292 prevents the inner surfaces 296 ofthe jaws 294 from moving inwardly thereby locking the removable shaft252 to the cutting head 258. It should be appreciated that the shaft 252may be subsequently removed by the surgeon by pressing the release lever286 to allow the jaws 294 to retract when the shaft 252 is pulled awayfrom the cutting head 258.

As described above, the removable shaft 252 may be quickly coupled to,and decoupled from, various cutting heads 258 (or even other surgicalinstruments). As will be discussed below, such a feature allows a numberof different cutting heads 258 to be used in a progressive raspingtechnique.

Referring now to FIGS. 29-34, there is shown a surgical procedure inwhich the reciprocating rasp 250 is used to surgically prepare thepatient's acetabulum 304 for implantation of the acetabular augmentcomponent 210. The surgical procedure begins with preoperative planningin which, amongst other things, a number of X-ray images are obtained toplan the placement location and orientation of the acetabular augmentcomponent 210. If the acetabular augment component 210 is beingimplanted as part of a revision procedure, the use of X-rays may beomitted or substituted for another examination technique. With thepreoperative planning complete, the patient's soft tissue is dissectedand retracted in order to allow access to the acetabulum 304. Full(i.e., 360°) exposure of the bony acetabulum is typically achieved.

A sizer guide or other similar instrument is then used to determine theappropriate size of acetabular implant (i.e., cup) to be implanted. Inthe exemplary procedure described herein, implantation of a 62 mmacetabular cup (and associated 62 mm acetabular augment component) willbe illustrated. Such components have a 62 mm outer diameter (i.e., a 62mm OD). It should be appreciated that the surgical procedure for othersizes of implants is performed in essentially the same manner.

Once the final implant size is determined, the patient's acetabulum isreamed in a typical manner. In particular, a spherical reamer (notshown) is used to ream the acetabular surface of the patient's hip boneto create hemispherically-shaped reamed surface 306 as shown in FIG. 29.In the case of implantation of a 62 mm acetabular cup, a 61 mm sphericalreamer is used (i.e., a reamer with a 61 mm OD). This reamed surface 306is the final surgically-prepared surface that contacts a portion of theacetabular cup when it is implanted.

As shown in FIG. 30, an appropriately sized trial instrument 276 is theninserted into the reamed surface 306. In the exemplary case ofimplantation of a 62 mm acetabular cup described herein, a 61 mm trialinstrument 276 is used (i.e., a trial instrument with a 61 mm OD). Ascan be seen in FIG. 30, the trial instrument 276 is positioned in thereamed surface 306 in an orientation in which the instrument's elongatedtongue 278 faces the general direction of the diseased or deterioratedbone tissue 308 of the hip bone (i.e., the bone tissue that is to beremoved and replaced with the acetabular augment component 210).

As shown in FIG. 31, the reciprocating rasp 250 is then used to removethe diseased or deteriorated bone tissue 308 of the hip bone. To do so,a number of progressively larger-sized cutting heads 258 are used untilthe desired final size is achieved. For example, in the exemplary caseof implantation of a 62 mm acetabular augment component 210 describedherein, initial rasping is performed with a 50 mm cutting head 258(i.e., a cutting head with a 50 mm OD). To do so, the surgeon firstsecures the 50 mm cutting head 258 to the removable shaft 252 bypressing the release lever 286 and inserting the jaws 294 of the distalend 256 of the shaft into the coupling bore 264 of the 50 mm cuttinghead 258 in the manner described above in regard to FIGS. 27 and 28.With the 50 mm cutting head 258 coupled to the shaft 252, the surgeonthen advances the rasp 250 toward the trial instrument 276 positioned inthe reamed surface 306. The surgeon positions the rasp 250 such that theelongated tongue 278 formed in the anterior surface 280 of the trialinstrument 276 is received into the groove 274 of the 50 mm cutting head258 thereby establishing and maintaining alignment of the rasp 250relative to the trial instrument 276.

Once the elongated tongue 278 is received into the groove 274 of the 50mm cutting head 258, the surgeon activates the reciprocating power tool100 (if the rasp 250 is being powered by the power tool 100 as opposedto manual operation of the shaft 252 via its handle 284) and advancesthe lead cutting surface of the 50 mm cutting head 258 into contact withthe patient's acetabulum 304. As shown in FIG. 32, as the rasp 250 isadvanced inwardly toward the patient's acetabulum 304, the reciprocatingmotion of the rasp 250 abrades the bone and continues to remove boneuntil the upper edge 310 of the lateral surface 262 of the cutting head258 is substantially flush with the bone of the patient's acetabulum 304remaining outside of the rasped surface (i.e., the bone of theacetabulum that is not intended to be removed by the rasp 250). When theupper edge 310 of the lateral surface 262 of the cutting head 258 isflush with the remaining bone in such a manner, the rasping preparationof the acetabulum 304 with the 50 mm cutting head 258 is complete.

The 50 mm cutting head 258 is then separated from the trial instrument276 and decoupled from the removable shaft 252. Thereafter, a 54 mmcutting head 258 is secured to the removable shaft 252 and the raspingprocedure is repeated. The rasping procedure is then performed againwith a 58 mm cutting head, and finally with a 62 mm cutting head. Oncedone, a prepared augment surface 312 of the desired size (i.e., 62 mm inthe exemplary case described herein) has been formed, as shown in FIG.33.

Once the bone has been prepared in such a manner, the acetabular augmentcomponent 210 is then implanted. In the exemplary procedure describedherein, a 62 mm acetabular augment component 210 is first positioned inthe prepared augment surface 312 in the desired position. The acetabularaugment component 210 may be temporarily pinned in place by insertingpins (not shown) through a pair of pin holes 314 formed in the component210 (see FIGS. 18 and 19). Once pinned in place, the acetabular augmentcomponent 210 is screwed to the patient's hip bone. In particular, bonescrews are inserted through the screw holes 228, 230 formed in theacetabular augment component 210 and thereafter driven into thesurrounding bone tissue. The pins may then be removed. The implantedacetabular augment component 210 is shown fully implanted in FIG. 34.

Once the 62 mm acetabular augment component 210 has been implanted, a 62mm acetabular cup (not shown) may then be implanted. The acetabular cupis positioned in the hemispherically-shaped cavity formed by the reamedsurface 306 of the patient's acetabulum 304 and the acetabular augmentcomponent 210. The acetabular cup may be secured to the surrounding bonetissue with bone screws and/or cement. Bone cement may also be used tosecure the acetabular cup to the acetabular augment component 210.Moreover, screws may be inserted through the acetabular cup and driveninto a self-tapping slot 316 formed in the acetabular augment component210. This completes implantation of the acetabular cup.

It should be appreciated that the reciprocating rasp 250 may take ondifferent forms. For example, in lieu of a removable shaft 252, each ofthe cutting heads 258 may be embodied with a shaft secured thereto in asimilar manner to the rasps 50, 150. The cutting head 258 may also beembodied with a depth stop that bottoms out on the trial instrument 276or other structure when the rasp 250 has reached a desired depth.Moreover, the location of the alignment features of the trial instrument276 and the cutting head 258 may be interchanged. For example, thegroove may be formed in the trial instrument 276, with the tongue beingformed on the cutting head 258.

The surgical procedure may also be altered such that fewer or more raspsare used. For example, in lieu of 2 mm increments, 4 mm increments maybe used. Other increments may also be used. In some cases, a singlerasping of the desired final size may be performed.

Another embodiment of a reciprocating rasp 350 that may be used for thesurgical preparation of the patient's acetabulum to facilitateimplantation of the acetabular augment component 210 is shown in FIGS.35 and 36. As will be discussed below in more detail, the reciprocatingrasp 350 is designed as a finishing tool to form the final surgicalsurface, with some of the initial bone removal being performed withother instruments. The reciprocating rasp 350 includes a cutting head358 that is coupled to the distal end 356 of a shaft 352. The shaft 352has a proximal end 354 that may be secured to the chuck of thereciprocating power tool 100. As will be discussed in greater detailbelow, the geometry of the cutting head 358 corresponds with thegeometry of the acetabular augment component 210. The cutting head 358of the reciprocating rasp 250 includes a plurality of cutting teeth 360that are similar in geometry to the cutting teeth 60, 160, 260 of therespective reciprocating rasps 50, 150, 250 described above. When therasp 350 is advanced into engagement with the acetabulum of thepatient's hip bone with reciprocating motion, the cutting teeth 360 ofthe reciprocating rasp 350 abrade or otherwise cut the bone tissue ofthe hip bone thereby creating a finished cavity possessing the geometry(i.e., the shape) required to accept the acetabular augment component210.

The cutting head 358 is generally seashell-shaped and approximates thebackside geometry of the acetabular augment component 210. As such, thecutting head 358 is generally D-shaped when viewed from above (see FIG.35). The cutting head 358 includes a lateral surface 362 having ananterior surface 364 and a posterior surface 366 extending mediallytherefrom. A curved medial cutting surface 368 that mimics the geometryof the curved medial surface 220 of the acetabular augment component 210extends medially away from the lateral surface 362 of the cutting head358 and mates with the anterior surface 364 and the posterior surface366 at lead cutting surface 370. The curved medial cutting surface 368is defined by the outer surfaces of its cutting teeth 360. As shown inFIG. 36, when viewed from the side, the lateral surface 362 of thecutting head 358 is generally C-shaped. Since the lead cutting surface370 is generally linear, the curved medial surface 368 forms a taperedsurface when viewed from the side.

Like the other rasps described herein, the reciprocating rasp 350 may bemade of any suitable material, including medical-grade metals. Inaddition, since it is primarily a finishing tool, the reciprocating rasp350 may be made from a rigid polymer such as polyaryetheretherketone(PEEK). In such a configuration, the rasp 350 may be used as adisposable instrument.

Referring now to FIGS. 37-38, there is shown a surgical procedure inwhich the reciprocating rasp 350 is used to surgically prepare thepatient's acetabulum 304 for implantation of the acetabular augmentcomponent 210. The surgical procedure is essentially the same as thesurgical procedure shown in FIGS. 29-34 except for the formation of theprepared augment surface 312. As such, the preoperative procedure andreaming procedure is the same and produces a reamed surface 306 similarto as shown in FIG. 29. However, in lieu of the trial instrument 276 ofFIG. 30, a traditional (i.e., hemisphereically-shaped) acetabular trialinstrument 376 is inserted into the reamed surface 306, as shown in FIG.37. In the exemplary case of implantation of a 62 mm acetabular cupdescribed herein, a 61 mm trial instrument 376 is used (i.e., atraditional trial instrument with a 61 mm OD).

The surgeon then uses a surgical burr or other instrument (not shown) toperform an initial, “rough” removal of the diseased or deteriorated bonetissue 308 of the hip bone (i.e., the bone tissue that is to be removedand replaced with the acetabular augment component 210). As can be seenin FIG. 37, after such burring, the diseased or deteriorated bone tissue308 proximate to the finished surface remains for removal by thereciprocating rasp 350.

As shown in FIG. 38, the reciprocating rasp 350 is then used to removethe remainder of the diseased or deteriorated bone tissue 308 of the hipbone. To do so, a rasp 350 with an appropriately-sized cutting head 358is placed in the chuck of the reciprocating power tool 100. For example,in the exemplary case of implantation of a 62 mm acetabular augmentcomponent 210 described herein, a reciprocating rasp with a 62 mmcutting head 358 (i.e., a cutting head with a 62 mm OD) is used. Asshown in FIG. 38, anterior surface 364 and the posterior surface 366 ofthe cutting head 358 are positioned in contact with the outer surface ofthe trial instrument 376. During rasping, the anterior surface 364 andthe posterior surface 366 remain in contact with the outer surface ofthe trial instrument 376. In such a way, the trial instrument's outersurface functions as an alignment feature for guiding the rasp 350during bone removal.

The surgeon then activates the reciprocating power tool 100 and advancesthe lead cutting surface 370 of the cutting head 358 into contact withthe patient's acetabulum 304. As shown in FIG. 38, as the rasp 350 isadvanced inwardly toward the patient's acetabulum 304, the reciprocatingmotion of the rasp 350 abrades the bone and continues to remove boneuntil the lateral surface 362 of the cutting head 358 is substantiallyflush with the bone of the patient's acetabulum 304 remaining outside ofthe rasped surface (i.e., the bone of the acetabulum that is notintended to be removed by the rasp 350). When the lateral surface 362 ofthe cutting head 358 is flush with the remaining bone in such a manner,the rasping preparation of the acetabulum 304 is complete and hence aprepared augment surface 312 of the desired size (i.e., 62 mm in theexemplary case described herein) has been formed. The prepared augmentsurface 312 formed by the reciprocating rasp 350 is similar to as shownin FIG. 33.

Once the bone has been prepared in such a manner, the acetabular augmentcomponent 210 is then implanted in a manner similar to as describedabove in regard to FIGS. 33 and 34. Thereafter, acetabular cup isimplanted in a similar to as described above.

Referring now to FIGS. 39-40, there is shown a coupling mechanism thatmay be used to couple the reciprocating rasps to a hand tool (e.g., aremovable shaft such as shown in FIG. 41) or a power tool (e.g., thereciprocating power tool 100). For example, as shown in FIG. 39, theshaft 352 of the reciprocating rasp 350 may be embodied with a maleconnector 402. The male connector 402 includes a hex-shaped body 404that is separated from a tapered lead-in surface 406 by an annularchannel 408. The male connector 402 mates with a female connector 410(see FIGS. 41 and 42). As shown in FIG. 41, the female connector 410 maybe secured to the end of the removable shaft 352. Alternatively, thefemale connector 410 may form the chuck of the reciprocating power tool100.

The female connector 410 includes a hex-shaped cavity 412 that is sizedto be slightly larger than the hex-shaped body 404 of the male connector402. As such, the hex-shaped body 404 of the male connector 402 may bereceived into the hex-shaped cavity 412 of the female connector 410. Asshown in FIG. 41, the female connector 410 also includes a number ofspring-loaded jaws 414 positioned in the hex-shaped cavity 412. The jaws414 are spring biased inwardly toward one another.

To couple the reciprocating rasp 350 to the female connector 410, thefree end of the male connector 402 is inserted into the hex-shapedcavity 412 of the female connector 410 with its sides aligned with thesides of the cavity. As the male connector 402 is inserted, the faces ofits hex-shaped body 404 align with the faces of the hex-shaped cavity412 of the female connector 410. The tapered lead-in surface 406 of themale connector 402 forces the spring-loaded jaws 414 away from oneanother to permit the male connector 402 to fully seat in the femaleconnector 410. Once the jaws 414 have cleared the tapered lead-insurface 406, the spring-loaded jaws 414 are urged toward one anotherinto the annular channel 408 thereby locking the male connector 402 tothe female connector 410.

The female connector 410 also includes a sliding collar 416 that isoperable to release the male connector 402. In particular, when asurgeon slides the collar 416 away from the rasp 350 (e.g., in adirection toward the handle of the removable shaft of FIG. 41), thespring-loaded jaws 414 are urged away from one another and out of theannular channel 408 of the male connector 402. This unlocks the rasp 350and allows it to be pulled out of the female connector 410.

As shown in FIG. 40, the cutting head 258 of the reciprocating rasp 250may be secured to the distal end 256 of a removable shaft 252 by use ofthe same type of male connector 402. As such, it may also be secured tothe chuck of a reciprocating power tool 100 that is equipped with thefemale connector 410.

As shown in FIG. 41, the proximal end 254 of the removable shaft 252 maybe embodied to include a male connector 402. In such a way, it may besecured to the chuck of the reciprocating power tool 100 that includes afemale connector 410. In such a configuration, the removable shaft 252may function as both a hand tool and an extension for securing one ofthe rasps 250, 350 to the reciprocating power tool 100. Because both thehand tool (i.e., the removable shaft 252) and the chuck of thereciprocating power tool 100 utilize the same female connector 410, therasps 250, 350 equipped with the male connector 402 may beinterchangeably coupled to either tool.

Another embodiment of a female connector 510 for coupling the raspsdescribed herein is shown in FIGS. 43-45. The female connector 510 maybe secured to the end of the removable shaft 352, alternatively, thefemale connector 510 may form the chuck of the reciprocating power tool100. Like the female connector 410 described above, the female connector510 includes a hex-shaped cavity 512 that is sized to be slightly largerthan the hex-shaped body 404 of the male connector 402. As such, thehex-shaped body 404 of the male connector 402 may be received into thehex-shaped cavity 512 of the female connector 510. As shown in FIGS.43-45, the female connector 510 includes a spring-loaded button 514. Theend 516 of the button 514 extending into the hex-shaped cavity 512includes a teardrop-shaped opening 518.

To couple one of the reciprocating rasps to the female connector 510,the free end of the male connector 402 is inserted into the hex-shapedcavity 512 of the female connector 510 with its sides aligned with thesides of the cavity. As the male connector 402 is inserted, the faces ofits hex-shaped body 404 align with the faces of the hex-shaped cavity512 of the female connector 510. The tapered lead-in surface 406 of themale connector 402 forces the spring-loaded button 514 downwardly (asviewed in the perspective of FIGS. 44 and 45) to permit the maleconnector 402 to fully seat in the female connector 510. Once the centerof the spring-loaded button 514 has cleared the tapered lead-in surface406, the spring-loaded button 514 is urged upwardly (as viewed in theperspective of FIGS. 44 and 45) such that a locking flange 520 of thebutton is received into the annular channel 408 thereby locking the maleconnector 402 to the female connector 510.

The spring-loaded button 514 is operable to release the male connector402. In particular, when a surgeon pushes the outer surface 522 of thespring-loaded button 514, the locking flange 520 of the button 514 isurged downwardly (as viewed in the perspective of FIGS. 44 and 45) andout of the annular channel 408 of the male connector 402. This unlocksthe rasp and allows it to be pulled out of the female connector 510.

Referring now to FIGS. 46-49 there is shown a spacer block 550 that maybe used with the reciprocating rasp 250. The spacer block 550 is used toreduce the number of different rasps 250 that are required to complete asurgical procedure. In particular, the spacer block 550 may be used inlieu of a number of progressively larger-sized cutting heads 258 toproduce the desired final size. For example, initial rasping may beperformed with a 50 mm cutting head 258 (i.e., a cutting head with a 50mm OD). Thereafter, instead of replacing the 50 mm cutting head 258 witha larger one to perform a subsequent rasping, the spacer block 550 maybe installed on the trial instrument 276 and the 50 mm cutting head 258used again to make a larger cavity.

Like the surgical rasp 250 and the trial instrument 276, the spacerblock 550 also includes alignment guides in the form of members orfeatures that, as will be discussed below in greater detail, align therasp 250 during a surgical procedure. The alignment member or featuremay be embodied as any of numerous different structures or featureswhich are configured to coordinate with the trial instrument 276 toposition the cutting head 258 of the rasp 250 in a desired locationrelative to the trial instrument. Examples of structures that mayfunction as the alignment member include one or more grooves, tracks,sleeves, rings, cannulated bosses, cylinders, guides, hooks, or anyother similar structure capable of receiving a complimentary structureor feature formed on the trial instrument.

In the illustrative embodiment described herein, the spacer block 550has an elongated groove 574 formed in the posterior surface 566 (seeFIGS. 47 and 49) of its body 552. As can be seen in FIGS. 46 and 49, thespacer block 550 includes an elongated tongue 578 formed in the anteriorsurface 580 of its body 552. During rasping of the patient's acetabulum,the groove 574 of the spacer block 550 is received into the tongue 278of the trial instrument 276, and the tongue 578 of the spacer block 550is positioned in the groove 274 of the rasp 250 thereby establishing andmaintaining the alignment of the rasp.

As can be seen in FIGS. 46 and 48, the elongated tongue 578 of thespacer block has a tapered tip 582. The tapered tip 582 eases insertionof the elongated tongue 578 into the elongated groove 274 of the rasp250. It should be appreciated that the elongated tongue 278 of the trialinstrument 276 may be embodied with such a tapered tip 582.

As shown in FIG. 47, the elongated groove 574 has a flared open end 584.Like the tapered tip 582 of the elongated tongue 578, the flared openend 584 eases insertion of the elongated tongue 278 of the trialinstrument 276 into the elongated groove 574. As shown in FIG. 50, thecutting head 256 of the rasp 250 may be embodied with such a flared openend 584.

The spacer block 550 may be provided in numerous different thicknessesto facilitate progressive rasping in different sizes. It should also beappreciated that multiple spacer blocks 550 may be used at the same timeto create different rasping sizes.

Referring now to FIGS. 51 and 52, there is shown a surgical procedureusing the spacer block 550. As shown in FIG. 51, the reciprocating rasp250 is being used to remove the diseased or deteriorated bone tissue 308of the hip bone. The spacer block 550 has been installed on the trialinstrument 276. In particular, the spacer block 550 has been positionedsuch that the tongue 278 of the trial instrument 276 has been insertedinto the groove 574 of the spacer block 550 thereby securing the spacerblock 550 to the trial instrument 276. With the appropriate cutting head258 coupled to the shaft 252, the surgeon then advances the rasp 250toward the trial instrument 276 positioned in the reamed surface 306.The surgeon positions the rasp 250 such that the elongated tongue 578formed in the anterior surface 580 of the spacer block 550 is receivedinto the groove 274 of the cutting head 258 thereby establishing andmaintaining alignment of the rasp 250 relative to the trial instrument276.

Once the elongated tongue 578 of the spacer block 550 is received intothe groove 274 of the cutting head 258, the surgeon activates thereciprocating power tool 100 (if the rasp 250 is being powered by thepower tool 100 as opposed to manual operation of the shaft 252 via itshandle 284) and advances the lead cutting surface of the cutting head258 into contact with the patient's acetabulum 304. As shown in FIG. 52,as the rasp 250 is advanced inwardly toward the patient's acetabulum304, the reciprocating motion of the rasp 250 abrades the bone andcontinues to remove bone until the upper edge 310 of the lateral surface262 of the cutting head 258 is substantially flush with the bone of thepatient's acetabulum 304 remaining outside of the rasped surface (i.e.,the bone of the acetabulum that is not intended to be removed by therasp 250). When the upper edge 310 of the lateral surface 262 of thecutting head 258 is flush with the remaining bone in such a manner, therasping preparation of the acetabulum 304 with that particular cuttinghead 258 is complete.

The surgeon may then install another spacer block 550 on the existingspacer block and rasp the bone a subsequent time. Alternatively, thesurgeon may swap the spacer block 550 for a larger one. Yet further, thesurgeon may use a larger cutting head 256 with or without a spacer block550.

It should be appreciated that the coupling mechanisms described hereinare merely exemplary in nature. It is contemplated that numerousdifferent types of coupling mechanisms may be used with thereciprocating rasps described herein. Moreover, modifications of thecoupling mechanisms described herein are also contemplated. For example,the male connector 402 may be used in the design of a hand tool or chuckof a power tool with the rasp having a corresponding female connector410.

While the disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in thedrawings and foregoing description, such an illustration and descriptionis to be considered as exemplary and not restrictive in character, itbeing understood that only illustrative embodiments have been shown anddescribed and that all changes and modifications that come within thespirit of the disclosure are desired to be protected.

There are a plurality of advantages of the present disclosure arisingfrom the various features of the apparatus, system, and method describedherein. It will be noted that alternative embodiments of the apparatus,system, and method of the present disclosure may not include all of thefeatures described yet still benefit from at least some of theadvantages of such features. Those of ordinary skill in the art mayreadily devise their own implementations of the apparatus, system, andmethod that incorporate one or more of the features of the presentinvention and fall within the spirit and scope of the presentdisclosure.

1. A reciprocating rasp surgical instrument for use in the surgicalpreparation of an acetabulum of a patient prior to implantation of aprosthetic acetabular component, the reciprocating rasp comprising: ashaft having a first end configured to be secured in a chuck of areciprocating tool, and a cutting head secured to a second end of theshaft, the cutting head comprising (i) a cutting surface having aplurality of cutting teeth arranged in a geometry that corresponds withthe geometry of the acetabular component, and (ii) an alignment guidethat is devoid of cutting teeth and configured to cooperate with acomplimentary alignment guide of an acetabular trial instrument.
 2. Thereciprocating rasp surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein: the cuttinghead is half-hemispherically-shaped shaped and comprises (i) a lateralsurface, (ii) a posterior surface extending medially from the lateralsurface, both the lateral surface and the posterior surface being devoidof cutting teeth, and (iii) a curved medial cutting surface that mateswith both the lateral surface the posterior surface, and the alignmentguide comprises an elongated groove formed in the posterior surface ofthe cutting head.
 3. The reciprocating rasp surgical instrument of claim2, wherein the elongated groove is configured to receive a tongue of theacetabular trial instrument.
 4. The reciprocating rasp surgicalinstrument of claim 1, wherein the shaft is detachable from the cuttinghead.
 5. The reciprocating rasp surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein:the cutting head comprises (i) a lateral surface, (ii) an anteriorsurface and a posterior surface extending medially from the lateralsurface, (iii) a curved medial cutting surface extends medially awayfrom the lateral surface of the cutting head and mates with the anteriorsurface and the posterior surface, and the anterior surface and theposterior surface are both devoid of cutting teeth and define thealignment guide.
 6. A surgical instrument assembly for use in thesurgical preparation of an acetabulum of a patient prior to implantationof an prosthetic acetabular component, the surgical instrument assemblycomprising: a reciprocating surgical rasp having cutting head thatcomprises (i) a cutting surface having a plurality of cutting teetharranged in a geometry that corresponds with the geometry of theacetabular component, and (ii) an alignment guide, and an acetabulartrial instrument having an alignment guide that mates with the alignmentguide of the cutting head of the surgical rasp to align the cuttingsurface of the cutting head with the acetabular trial instrument.
 7. Thesurgical instrument assembly of claim 6, wherein: the alignment guide ofthe surgical rasp comprises an elongated groove, and the alignment guideof the acetabular trial instrument comprises a tongue configured to bereceived into the groove of the surgical rasp.
 8. The surgicalinstrument assembly of claim 7, wherein: the acetabular trial instrumentcomprises a planar anterior surface with the tongue extending therefrom,and the surgical rasp comprises a planar posterior surface with thegroove being formed therein.
 9. The surgical instrument assembly ofclaim 7, further comprising a spacer block having (i) a groove definedin a posterior side thereof, the groove being configured to receive thetongue of the acetabular trial instrument therein, and (ii) a tonguedefined in an anterior side thereof, the tongue being configured to bereceived into the groove of the surgical rasp.
 10. The surgicalinstrument assembly of claim 6, further comprising a spacer block havinga first alignment guide that mates with the alignment guide of theacetabular trial instrument and a second alignment guide that mates withthe alignment guide of the cutting head.
 11. A method of surgicallyimplanting an acetabular component into the acetabulum of a patient,comprising: inserting an acetabular trial instrument into the acetabulumof the patient, aligning a reciprocating surgical rasp with theacetabular trial instrument, reciprocating the surgical rasp, while theacetabular trial instrument is positioned in the acetabulum, so as toabrade bone tissue to form a cavity shaped to receive the acetabularcomponent, and implanting the acetabular component in the cavity. 12.The method of claim 11, wherein aligning the surgical rasp comprisesadvancing the surgical rasp such that a tongue formed in the acetabulartrial instrument is received into a groove formed in the surgical rasp.13. The method of claim 11, wherein reciprocating the surgical raspcomprises operating a reciprocating power tool to reciprocate thesurgical rasp.
 14. The method of claim 11, wherein reciprocating thesurgical rasp so as to abrade bone tissue comprises: advancing a firstreciprocating surgical rasp toward the acetabulum of the patient toabrade bone tissue to form a cavity of a first size, removing the firstreciprocating surgical rasp and replacing it with a second, largerreciprocating surgical rasp, and advancing the second reciprocatingsurgical rasp toward the acetabulum of the patient to abrade bone tissueto form a cavity of a second, larger size.
 15. The method of claim 11,further comprising reaming the acetabulum of the patient to create aconcave surface prior to inserting the acetabular trial instrument intothe acetabulum of the patient.
 16. The method of claim 11, wherein:implanting the acetabular component in the cavity comprises implantingan augmented acetabular component in the cavity, and reciprocating thesurgical rasp so as to abrade bone tissue to form the cavity comprisesreciprocating the surgical rasp so as to abrade bone tissue to form acavity shaped to receive the augmented acetabular component.
 17. Themethod of claim 11, wherein aligning the surgical rasp with theacetabular trial instrument comprises: aligning a spacer block with theacetabular trial instrument, and aligning the surgical rasp with thespacer block.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein: aligning the spacerblock with the acetabular trial instrument comprises advancing thespacer block such that a tongue formed in the acetabular trialinstrument is received into a groove formed in the spacer block, andaligning the surgical rasp with the spacer block comprises advancing thesurgical rasp such that a tongue formed in the spacer block is receivedinto a groove formed in the surgical rasp.
 19. The method of claim 11,wherein: aligning the surgical rasp with the acetabular trial instrumentcomprises positioning a non-cutting surface of the surgical rasp intocontact with the acetabular trial instrument inserted in the acetabulumof the patient, and reciprocating the surgical rasp comprisesreciprocating the surgical rasp while the non-cutting surface of thesurgical rasp is in contact with the acetabular trial instrument. 20.The method of claim 19, wherein positioning the non-cutting surface ofthe surgical rasp into contact with the acetabular trial instrumentcomprises positioning an anterior non-cutting surface of the surgicalrasp and a posterior non-cutting surface of the surgical rasp intocontact with the acetabular trial instrument inserted in the acetabulumof the patient.